As represent negatives hexadecimals numbers

[kcire_eae]

help, somebody can me tell as represent negatives hexadecimals numbers.
I am learning assembly language but i need know this for continue.

[h8er]

The x86 architecture uses the two's complement for negative numbers, to calculate the two's complement of a number you calculate the one's complement and then you add 1.
So for a signed 32 bit dword value you calculate the bitwise NOT of it and then you add 1.

For example the number 34d is 0x00000022h so

-34d = (NOT 0x00000022h) + 0x00000001h = 0xFFFFFFDDh + 0x00000001h = 0xFFFFFFDEh

I advise you to read The Art of Assembly Language, it's a good start for learning assembly

[kcire_eae]

ok thank you very much, this book is very interesting. i'll try read all to understand best somethings that still i do not understand